1
Q
Ideas that are DIRECTLY stated in the text
A
EXPLICIT INFORMATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
Ideas that are implied or NOT DIRECTLY stated.
A
IMPLICIT INFORMATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
It is the central point or the main argument of an author.
A
CLAIM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
Characteristics of a Good Claim
A
Debatable
Unique
Not neutral
Clear
Rational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
Three Types of Claim
A
Claim of Fact
Claim of Value
Claim of Policy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
Can be verified as either true or false. Tells “what is” and “what is not”. A well-argued claim of fact clearly states the main argument, defines vague and controversial terms. It is supported with factual information, testimony and observation. It has sufficient accurate, and recent and evidence which are organized to emphasize the main argument.
A
CLAIM OF FACT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
Refers to evaluative statements that can be qualified. Asserts which conditions are better, more important desirable. Gives an idea of what is good or bad. Philosophical beliefs. Aesthetic beliefs. Moral standpoint.
A
CLAIM OF VALUE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
Refers to statements that espouse for specific action to be taken as solution to a particular problem. An argument which asserts the implementation of a certain policy. Normally introduced by the modals “should”, “must”, or “ought to”. Action-oriented. Aims to provide alternatives, specific action plans, or recommendations to the usual societal problems or issues.
A
CLAIM OF POLICY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
Invalidate an argument. As a critical reader, you have to identify and examine fallacies and manipulative language found in the text.
A
ERRORS IN REASONING
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
REVEAL ANSWER
A
REASONING = ARGUMENT
EVIDENCE = PREMISES
CLAIM = CONCLUSION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
The truth of the premises is to prove that the truth of the conclusions is certain.
A
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
The truth of the premises is supposed to prove that the truth of the conclusion is probable. Either strong or weak. 50%
A
INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
Despite the presence of the multiple possibilities an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options.
A
FALSE DILEMMA/FALSE DICHOTOMY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
Just because it is not proven to be false, something is instantly concluded to be true and vice versa.
A
APPEAL TO IGNORANCE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
When a series of increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn.
A
SLIPPERY SLOPE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
The reader is expected to either accept or reject both two or more points that are rolled into one at the same time.
A
COMPLEX QUESTION
17
Q
Instead of reasoning, a threat is used to argue. Committed when one appeals to force often with subtlety to cause acceptance of a conclusion.
A
APEEAL TO FORCE (AD BACULUM)
18
Q
Just because it is what the majority thinks, an argument is considered to be valid
A
BANDWAGON
18
Q
Pity is used instead of logical reasoning. Committed when one appeals to pity cause the acceptance of a conclusion.
A
APPEAL TO PITY (AD MISERICORDIAM)
19
Q
To show that the belief is false, there is an unpleasant consequence of believing something
A
APPEAL TO CONSEQUENCES
20
Q
Instead of attacking the ideas of the argument, you attack the character of the person
A
APPEAL TO THE PERSON
21
Q
The authority in the statement is not mentioned or named.
A
ANONYMOUS AUTHORITY
22
Q
Occurs when a person is not actually a legitimate expert on the subject matter; occurs also when you assert your own expertise
A
APPEAL TO AUTHORITY
23
Q
The sample is not significant or enough to support a generalization about a population.
A
HASTY GENERALIZATION
24
Q
When a writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways
A
FALSE OR WEAK ANALOGY
25
Q
Even if a general rule should be an exception, it is still applied to a situation
A
ACCIDENT
26
Q
A is the cause of B since event A happened before event B.
A
POST HOC
26
Q
There is reverse in direction between cause and effect
A
WRONG DIRECTION
27
Q
Even when there are other factors which also contributed to the event, the explanation is reduced to one thing.
A
COMPLEX CAUSE
28
Q
The argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else instead
A
IRRELEVANT CONCLUSION
29
Q
The position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute
A
STRAW MAN
30
Q
If argument A is true then argument B is true
A
AFFIRMING THE CONSEQUENT
31
Q
If argument A is not true then argument B is not true
A
DENYING THE ANTECEDENT
32
Q
The arguments contradict one another
A
INCONSISTENCY
